https://hannahspalmer.com/ghost-pools-timeline daily 0.75 2023-09-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1690467637177-RW1FSSRNRORL05B2J3FK/iStock-513224552+copy2.png Ghost Pools https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/927a2031-e070-4ff3-b7e9-76c814ad853d/Screenshot+2023-07-06+at+9.13.33+AM.png Ghost Pools - 1900–1930: A NEW NATIONAL PASTIME “Atlanta has become one of the ‘swimmingest cities’ in the country, even though it has no sea beach, but pools are maintained in Piedmont, Grant, Maddox, Mozley, and Cochran parks for white bathers, and one in Washington Park for the negro residents.” – THE ATLANTA CITY BUILDER, AUGUST 1930 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/93b46d20-186d-41ad-bcc3-e002931cbacd/+line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/84c8e249-07c1-475e-9f5a-a140207cc6e8/GP_Fades-30.png Ghost Pools - 1860s–1890s: Public Baths The country’s first municipal pools were intended to provide baths for working-class youths — to keep rowdy, naked boys out of the rivers and lakes. They served as large, austere bathtubs for poor and immigrant neighborhoods. At the turn of the century, cities like Philadelphia and Boston began to construct attractive public pools for sport and fitness. Our timeline begins with this focus on constructed public spaces for swimming. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/39ec4bd3-328e-4b79-a2ec-67c85bacdc35/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/c0a85e00-7e09-4390-82a5-9b54bd405cb6/Ghost+Pools_Exploded_pic.jpg Ghost Pools - URBAN RESORTS The centerpieces of Atlanta’s earliest and grandest parks were the spring-fed swimming lakes. In 1902, Lake Abana in the southwest corner of Grant Park was equipped for swimming and boating. In 1911, a wooden bathhouse was built by Piedmont Park’s Lake Clara Meer along with diving platforms, sunning decks, and a giant, double water slide. These large, resort-style pools provided a getaway in the city — a community leisure space where men and women of working and middle-class families swam together for the first time, but they were restricted for White swimmers only. Image: Copyright Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Courtesy of Georgia State University Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/9cc49e16-79ee-4c68-a09a-05312f0cd6c3/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/51ba0ab6-802e-4ae3-b6bb-ab43d3bf1798/Ghost+Pools_Exploded_Pic2.jpg Ghost Pools - THE COLD SPRINGS ‘CUE CLUB From 1895 to 1915, at the site of East Point’s first swimming pool, the Cold Springs ‘Cue Club hosted thousands of guests at traditional outdoor barbecues under long wooden pavilions. Menus featured “pig, lamb, kid, chicken, Brunswick stew, tomatoes, onions, sweet peppers, potatoes, green corn, watermelons, etc. Also paregoric and other cordials and refreshments from the big spring.” Image: East Point Historical Society https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/ea1d5506-d411-4df7-aabc-1cd3e357e851/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/5da8afed-415c-4300-b149-9019f8f9a011/Screenshot+2023-07-06+at+9.13.33+AM.png Ghost Pools - FORMAL SEGREGATION East Point’s city council passed its first residential segregation ordinance in 1912, designating the East Washington community for Black residents. The same year, council voted to deny permits to “Negroes having picnics at Nabell Springs, stating that same was a nuisance.” https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/735f1e8e-0289-40a5-a848-da1ad8f325cd/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/f07ff9ad-fd3d-43ac-9f67-8ba1d76927a5/Panel_1-07.jpg Ghost Pools - MIDDLE-CLASS PLAYGROUND When Fairgrounds Park Pool opened in St. Louis, it was the first gender-integrated municipal pool in the northern United States and the first one officially segregated along racial lines. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/e3a0c344-9043-439f-9be4-089b61fb248d/GP_Fades-30.png Ghost Pools - 1915-1930: The Great Migration 1.5 million African Americans from the rural South migrated to and settled in northern cities for industrial jobs, challenging White ownership of public spaces. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/9bf4f7f9-518f-44f4-9460-3f2c2e93131b/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/bfdfd013-01c6-4337-92d1-7e2cd96be60a/Panel_1-09.jpg Ghost Pools - WASHINGTON PARK OPENS Washington Park opened in 1919 as the first public park in Atlanta designated for Black residents. The park expanded over the next decade, adding a tennis center and swimming pool — the first and only pool for African Americans in the city. Image: Kenan Research Center at the Atlanta History Center https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/468ecce3-aae7-4b0c-b328-5aa9704d1410/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/84a3061f-829d-448c-abf0-b124de00d40f/GP_Fades-30.png Ghost Pools - 1920-1929: First municipal pool building boom The federal government funded the construction of public, resort-style pools in towns and cities nationwide, which democratized swimming for a generation of middle-class Americans. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/639e8ae6-a65b-403f-a4e0-73e710503219/+line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/a63a73a7-42a9-455e-9f5c-5cbe5dc8aff5/Panel_1-08.jpg Ghost Pools - MILLIONS FOR IMPROVEMENTS In a travel book called “Atlanta: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow,” author John R. Hornady wrote, “There is no form of recreation in this City that is more thoroughly enjoyed by the masses of the people, unless it is swimming. And here, too, really remarkable provision has been made. At Grant Park a new swimming pool of Roman magnificence has been provided recently... In addition to the above, which provide convenient places of recreation in many communities, there are two great swimming pools where thousands may enjoy this sport; one at Piedmont Park, with an area of about 4 acres, and one at Lakewood with an area of about 3 acres.” Image: Copyright Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Courtesy of Georgia State University Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/092832be-bfe2-4987-95a9-7a2240f5d720/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/9aedfc6e-78e8-4453-a87f-9eca1f753c70/Panel_1-06.jpg Ghost Pools - POOLS AS BATTLEGROUNDS Even though Pennsylvania’s civil rights law prohibited racial segregation, Pittsburgh’s Black residents were required to present a “health certificate” to access the new Highland Park Pool. Once admitted, they were attacked by White mobs as police looked the other way. Image: University of Pittsburgh https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/fa0fe05e-1dac-4de3-bfaa-e59838ea6c4b/+line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/2a294103-b48b-4d7e-855c-e8a8f3c109f9/Screenshot+2023-07-05+at+12.04.29+PM.png Ghost Pools - SEGREGATED CITY POOLS “With school out, the minions hie away to summer camps, parks and playgrounds. The leading attractions at the latter are the swimming pools. The water would naturally attract youngsters; every boy from the infants on, would like nothing better than the swimming hole.” – THE DROWNING SEASON, Atlanta Daily World, June 24, 1959 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/f073f6d9-2d0e-4efb-ac0f-79bc34e9981c/+line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/bf5eff56-498b-4aa6-80ad-a460882e6997/GP_Fades-31.png Ghost Pools - 1933-1938: New Deal swimming pools Federal programs like the Works Progress Administration funded and built nearly 750 swimming pools and remodeled hundreds more, mostly in small cities and towns. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/c26edc22-aee9-45fd-803d-eee78cb8f690/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/f112f170-b7c7-4691-a2a2-d2b482f760a5/Ghost+Pools_Panel2-10.jpg Ghost Pools - A SWIMMING POOL IN EAST POINT East Point officials dedicated a new three-acre park called Memorial Park on Spring Avenue in June 1932 on a plot of land “once popularly known as the Cold Springs ‘cue grounds.” The park included a concrete, spring-fed swimming pool with a brick bathhouse, tennis courts, and “a clear, cold spring.” The $30,000 pool was likely constructed with support from the WPA. It was restricted for the use of White residents only. Image: East Point Historical Society https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/c519ce9b-7f0e-477c-8bcb-84fe0615a5b0/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/a189296b-36ac-4c9f-82a5-1e6b4490d41b/Ghost+Pools_Panel2-14.jpg Ghost Pools - SHRINKING SWIMSUITS As young women challenged the rules of modesty with revealing swimwear, many public pools became venues for beauty pageants and open flirtation. Growing concerns about the intimate atmosphere at public pools deepened White communities’ commitment to strict separation of the races. Image: East Point Historical Society https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/9bf4f7f9-518f-44f4-9460-3f2c2e93131b/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/21857786-fd55-4389-88af-e86ae6998007/Ghost+Pools_Panel2-12.jpg Ghost Pools - FIGHTING RACIAL EXCLUSION IN COURT Athletic Park Pool in Newton, Kansas, opened in 1935 and was leased to a private operator who refused to admit Black swimmers. Kern v. City Commissioners of Newton, KS was one of the first cases where the NAACP challenged racial exclusion at municipal pools. Nearly 20 years before arguing Brown v. the Board of Education, Topeka, KS, NAACP civil rights attorney Elisha Scott successfully challenged racial discrimination at this WPA-funded swimming pool. Image: W.R. Murphy photographer, Harvey County Historical Museum & Archives, Newton, Kansas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/84b2830d-2144-444e-8872-75a7d26f023a/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/396b9bf8-aa53-48f0-a017-d02f94c2ba2f/Ghost+Pools_Panel2-11.jpg Ghost Pools - A PLACE TO SWIM Camp J. K. Orr, a Boy Scouts of America Camp for Black scouts in Hampton, Georgia offered a place for kids to swim, learn, and play from 1940 until 1964. Camp Orr closed when the Civil Rights Act passed and the Boy Scouts of America integrated another local camp. Image: Edward Randolph Carter and Andrew Jackson Lewis collection, Archives Division, Auburn Avenue Research Library on African American Culture and History, Atlanta-Fulton Public Library System https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/64832678-784a-4db1-b668-ceebfd6df817/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/0467d742-177a-40b6-b1f2-5b87566117cf/Ghost+Pools_Panel2-16.jpg Ghost Pools - BUT IS IT PUBLIC? The Callaway family, one of the largest landowners and employers in Southwest Georgia, established the Callaway Educational Association (CEA) to provide amenities to employees of Callaway Mills in LaGrange, including an enormous outdoor swimming pool which opened in 1946. Because CEA membership was restricted to Whites only, the swimming pools, library, and other facilities remained segregated until the organization shut down in 1992. Image: Troup County Photograph Collection https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/b4e8cc04-4735-4b8a-a6c1-b35c78d43267/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/8ceb2f31-c225-46f4-aa35-51494a8eba83/GP_Fades-31.png Ghost Pools - Polio fears Because polio outbreaks were most common in the summer months, people suspected shared waters might be a source of the virus. Public lakes, beaches, and pools were frequently closed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/35da746c-ba3f-4cf2-843e-15fc28451650/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/0d0d585d-713f-47ad-8636-5c6e92a0ee7f/Ghost+Pools_Expanded_Where.png Ghost Pools - WHERE WILL THE KIDS SWIM? In 1950, when Fulton County Health authorities shut down the old East Point pool for unsanitary conditions, the city arranged for White residents to access College Park’s pool. Meanwhile, O.J. Hurd, East Point civic leader and owner of the Friendly People’s Bus Line, shuttled Black youth to Pittman Park pool in Atlanta twice a week during the summers. Image: Atlanta Daily World https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/6238cea8-33b5-4a88-84cd-7798144977f2/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/6288e3c8-eaba-475f-b131-3f2d236be88b/GP_Fades-31.png Ghost Pools - Desegregation beyond the South In the North and West, White swimmers abandoned pools where swimming became accessible to Black swimmers. As a result, most cities no longer prioritized and funded public pools, and many were closed down or fell into disrepair. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/f5d86b2f-c343-4dc3-bb17-05801f81f8b7/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/a57a4c9f-4d0c-42cd-a3ad-9004e67a5811/Ghost+Pools_Panel2-13.jpg Ghost Pools - BLACK BEACHES Barred from most public beaches, developers like John Loyd Atkinson, a Tuskegee Airman in World War II, sought a recreational facility for Black Americans. Atkinson worked with the state to create Georgia’s first Negro State Park, George Washington Carver State Park on Allatoona Lake. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/993cd4aa-7af1-433f-a605-4b8c2f383964/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/85162d02-5aaa-46e3-adbd-113af4d8b2a8/GP_Fades-31.png Ghost Pools - Backyard pool-building boom White flight to the suburbs fueled many innovations in pool construction and financing. Over 800,000 private, backyard pools were built in this period. Meanwhile, Black families were systematically denied access to suburban housing and home loans. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/4288e492-68c2-4e7f-b59c-d02416e5f1da/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/c8c64be0-095f-49fa-9de2-ee10e8b4f8ea/Ghost+Pools_1954.png Ghost Pools - JIM CROW POOLS Following a bond referendum in 1953, East Point constructed two separate but unequal swimming pools. The pool on Spring Avenue for White residents was 175’ x 75’ and cost $100,000. The Randall Street pool for the Black community was 75’ x 35’ and cost $50,000. Image: East Point Historical Society https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/6ab8958e-9645-4337-8a71-2b8799b2772c/+line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/7359da95-4895-4d96-8b14-1e50c8e47bfb/GP_Fades-31.png Ghost Pools - Chlorine enters widespread use Spring–fed ponds were phased out in favor of filtered, sterilized waters and standardized pool designs. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/aa81868f-43a1-483c-bdd5-7fabb17ce638/Screenshot+2023-07-06+at+9.12.17+AM.png Ghost Pools - BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION The U.S. Supreme Court passed landmark legislation that struck down segregation in public facilities and overturned the doctrine of “separate but equal” that was so clearly contradicted by Jim Crow–era public pools. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/ed0ca65a-42b6-498b-a89b-9b485e738e70/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/66767763-8587-4f7f-81e4-919b13016416/Ghost+Pools_Panel2-15.jpg Ghost Pools - PRIVATE RETREATS Lakeside Country Club opened on Old Fairburn Road at East Point’s western edge in 1959. This private club featured an 18-hole golf course, tennis courts, dance hall, and a lakeside swimming pool — for White members only. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1fe4672e-5d8d-44d8-a7f3-2c76f9d09c05/+line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/f187f403-c2df-4acd-bfd8-b2216e510a60/Ghost+Pools_Panel2-21.jpg Ghost Pools - SCANDAL AT RANDALL STREET East Point’s city council fired Roy Grayson, the superintendent of parks and recreation, after learning that White instructors participated in a Red Cross water safety course at the Randall Street Pool. He appealed the decision and told reporters his human rights had been violated. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/42a99b1c-b6c3-4832-89ad-3ed3c46718a2/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/43b1a355-617d-441e-a1fd-0c895a19a1ff/Ghost+Pools_Panel2-22.jpg Ghost Pools - SAVANNAH BEACH WADE-INS On August 17, 1960, eleven African American students were arrested on Tybee Island at Georgia’s first wade-in protesting the Whites- only public beaches. Because of these protests, organized by the local NAACP Youth Council, Savannah Beach and the city’s other public places were integrated by October 1963, eight months before the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Image: City of Savannah Municipal Archives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/4aa88d0b-be65-4026-b6b9-0455bb3377e1/Screenshot+2023-07-06+at+9.13.33+AM.png Ghost Pools - 1960–1990 LOST WATERS “Integrated pools? Yes. The federal judge says if they are operated by Atlanta, they cannot be operated segregated. GOOD. Fill them with soil and by spring they can be filled with beautiful plants, shrubbery… if we must share the pools, will bathtubs be next?” – Lester Maddox, The Atlanta Constitution, September 1, 1962 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/e6c7deee-8546-411a-9ae0-587462d1de9c/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/d0c0ed70-fd26-4f27-a29d-a117d35861d0/Ghost+Pools_Lost+Waters-10.png Ghost Pools - ATLANTA POOLS DESEGREGATE While crowds and reporters looked on, three young Black men entered Lake Clara Meer on June 12, 1963, formally ending segregation in Atlanta public pools. Image: Copyright Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Courtesy of Georgia State University Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/4ea20cd4-2ca2-4784-841b-1f8424ab5ecf/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/aa943a2c-02c1-42ce-a5e4-df3520b7790a/Screenshot+2023-07-06+at+9.12.17+AM.png Ghost Pools - BREACH OF THE PEACE East Point city council minutes from July 6, 1964, stated that “due to the Breach of the Peace which occurred at our Spring Street Pool yesterday and the discharge of an explosive near our Randall Street Pool last night,” the Mayor recommended that both swimming pools remain closed for the season. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/904ab543-5d1e-4770-b5e2-d44e710c7938/Ghost+Pools_Lost+Waters-15.png Ghost Pools - POOL PROTESTS In news footage that shocked the nation, the manager of the Monson Motor Lodge in St. Augustine, Florida, poured cleaning acid into the swimming pool as protesters hosted a swim-in at the segregated motel. Image: AP Photo/Horace Cort https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/a0e942c0-85bd-4a02-b1f5-1bf30e4fec63/+line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/28a482b5-1db6-4665-a22c-980dd8d0361a/Ghost+Pools_Lost+Waters-16.png Ghost Pools - CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 One month after the Monson Motor Lodge protests, President Johnson signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It legally ended Jim Crow segregation of restaurants, transportation, and public facilities like pools. Image: LBJ Library photo by Cecil Stoughton https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/dee1e4d6-34d8-4e29-9808-3fae18c9acb0/+line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/850f7707-55e5-4383-9b7d-8f0b13b0a539/GP_Fades-32.png Ghost Pools - 1966: Federal Funds for Urban Pools Part of the federal government response to violent protests (“race riots”) in the late 1960s was anti-poverty grants to fund recreation facilities for “disadvantaged youths” in urban areas. Hundreds of cheap, no frills mini-pools were built with these grants in low-income neighborhoods. Swimming in small, urban public pools became associated with marginalized communities of color. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/d53210a6-2b8e-468c-82c4-d75580cb7891/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/df0e3c74-68e6-4d64-996c-3ce41a354b2f/Ghost+Pools_Lost+Waters-11.png Ghost Pools - DISADVANTAGED YOUTH In the late ‘60s, Atlanta received anti-poverty grants from the federal government to extend hours at swimming pools, install sprinklers in 40 playgrounds, and provide chartered buses to transport young people to pools. The U.S. Office of Economic Opportunity allocated these funds for the nation’s cities to literally cool unrest in inner cities. In Atlanta, these funds helped construct new pools at Anderson Park, Perry Homes, Dunbar Park, and more. Image: Copyright Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Courtesy of Georgia State University Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/8bb86fad-60db-4e1d-890c-91b1e64bb123/+line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/c401b762-b3b2-440e-9386-9a98af578724/Ghost+Pools_Lost+Waters-17.png Ghost Pools - KEEPING THE PEACE In 1965, after 22 Black students were arrested for blocking a sidewalk in front of the segregated White pool, the city of Griffin closed its two public pools “in the interest of public safety and for the good of the people of the community.” In 1969, the city filled and graded both pools. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1e984c04-a0c9-4392-b6d5-8bb33add4f5c/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/e64b6649-e2c6-4f95-80a7-9e3118bc3ac5/Screenshot+2023-07-06+at+9.12.17+AM.png Ghost Pools - THE CLEAN WATER ACT A major step toward restoring swimmable water quality nationwide, this federal legislation regulates pollution discharges and water quality standards for creeks and rivers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1c5569a0-0c53-45e1-944f-e6b0089bdbca/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/0d0f9618-2c93-4f66-a9ef-3acec061736a/Ghost+Pools_Lost+Waters-12.png Ghost Pools - SAVING SPRING AVENUE POOL East Point’s Spring Avenue pool was spared closure in 1974 when a local congressman delivered on $80,000 in earmarks for repairs. Image: East Point Historical Society https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/5201ec54-4195-4595-b136-c5d02a3800d1/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/5b35f1c5-4b1d-4f03-9c73-88e23d4de848/Ghost+Pools_Lost+Waters-18.png Ghost Pools - EARLY WATER PARKS Massive private water parks reinvented the experience of public swimming for families that could afford it. Point Mallard in Decatur, Alabama, constructed one of the nation’s first wave pools in 1970. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/3a180a75-b126-4aea-b6fb-c3fd6127ae83/+line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/ea80cbca-de24-48bd-b506-259495bde0a9/Screenshot+2023-07-06+at+9.12.17+AM.png Ghost Pools - THE MLK NATATORIUM The same year that the historic Washington Park pool closed, the Martin Luther King, Jr. Natatorium opened. As the first public, indoor, competition pool in Atlanta, the natatorium became home to a new generation of Black competitive swimmers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/d33e67da-67a8-435b-b9de-a8fee5f0c967/GP_Fades-32.png Ghost Pools - 1980s: Suburban Oasis The decline of public pools, concerns about water pollution, and the general economic recovery of the mid-’80s fueled another wave of backyard swimming pool construction. By the end of the century, more than 4 million in-ground residential pools had been installed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/2607e190-52d9-41dc-a078-04e09dfc9ad1/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/6ffc8a77-f718-4dae-9207-7d527a9fd0d9/Ghost+Pools_Lost+Waters-13.png Ghost Pools - LAST SEASON AT THE POOL 1982 was the last swimming season at East Point’s public pools. The following spring, East Point voters defeated a $770,000 referendum that would have funded repairs for both facilities and construction of a third pool at Sykes Park. Image: Kelly Wilkinson, The Atlanta Constitution https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/ce91cc0a-9ee8-404b-8ed6-d5959a799427/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/a6be7fd8-1f22-4e24-9d75-e2eabf9b8139/+Ghost+Pools_Lost+Waters-19.png Ghost Pools - URBAN VOID 1983 was the last swimming season at McCarren Park Pool, one of the 11 monumental New Deal pools opened in New York City in the 1930s. Local residents opposed any renovation of the complex, which had become a hub for drug dealing and crime. Like many communities across the nation, the city was unwilling or unable to operate the pool or revitalize the space that had been a public treasure. Image: Chad Nicholson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/628e4bfc-cf94-4860-8268-8657d6a18989/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/3bd8f6df-15c9-4282-a68a-1611177ae2b6/Ghost+Pools_Lost+Waters-14.png Ghost Pools - THE NEW WATERFRONT White Water Park, the largest water park in the Southeast, opened in May 1984 in Marietta. The centerpiece of the 69-acre amusement park was “The Atlanta Ocean,” a 750,000-gallon wave pool surrounded by a quarter-mile long lazy river called the Little Hooch. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/c11cd27b-1505-4d6b-94bf-810705a01a37/+line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/485a65ae-753f-4c39-a0b2-1f690c2d874e/Screenshot+2023-07-06+at+9.13.33+AM.png Ghost Pools - 1990-NOW REMEMBRANCE & RESTORATION “Today, we don’t even notice the absence of the grand resort pools in our communities; where grass grows over former sites, there are no plaques to tell the story of how racism drained the pools. But the spirit that drained these public goods lives on. The impulse to exclude now manifests in a subtler fashion, more often reflected in a pool of resources than a literal one.” – Heather McGhee, The Sum of Us: What Racism Costs Everyone and How We Can Prosper Together, 2021 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/5f20b110-c7dd-479b-8c29-866aa0280dfe/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/3e27ca3b-c0ae-4150-9011-275c55e528fd/Ghost+Pools_Remembrance-20.png Ghost Pools - SAVING THE HOOCH The Upper Chattahoochee Riverkeeper, a newly founded nonprofit based in Atlanta, joined with downstream plaintiffs to file a lawsuit in federal court against the City of Atlanta for chronic sewage spills into the Chattahoochee River. For decades, this organization has fought to restore water quality to Georgia’s longest river and Atlanta’s waterfront. Image: Copyright Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Courtesy of Georgia State University Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/6b76adf3-c8ec-4960-b1e5-b083366cf6b6/+line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/173526cf-8cc4-4f91-8a94-75909240f020/Ghost+Pools_Remembrance-21.png Ghost Pools - THE NEW AQUATICS CENTERS In 1991, the city of St. Charles, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis, built the first of three grand “family aquatic centers.” These facilities offered what backyard private pools could not: water slides, lazy rivers, and complex play structures for kids of all ages. This trend of replacing old public pools with multi-million dollar suburban water parks spread across the nation. Image: Core Group Engineering https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/85569543-9186-41f0-abca-7c93ea00e14a/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/fdf0a219-9822-4349-a6f6-7633cb9727a7/Ghost+Pools_Remembrance-22.png Ghost Pools - OLD WOUNDS Decades after Baltimore’s largest segregated pool closed, city planners commissioned “a meditative, artistic, and informative setting acknowledging the segregation era at the site of the formerly ‘Negro Pool’” in Druid Hill Park. Artist Joyce J. Scott’s installation The Memorial Pool, created a place to learn about the joy the African American community experienced there and to understand the Civil Rights history of Baltimore. Image: Photo by Joshua Clark Davis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/d0676ca4-3c6a-4a9f-8840-f0ba81c72e0b/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/4c0cc4f4-7ca1-4a9e-988c-c78a45a33291/Ghost+Pools_Remembrance-23.png Ghost Pools - SWIMMING AT “THE Y” The Southwest YMCA on Campbellton Road opened in 1959 and has continuously adapted to serve the changing communities of Southwest Atlanta. As public pool facilities closed, the Y provided much needed access to swimming instruction. In 2004, the facility was renamed for former U.N. Ambassador Andrew Young and Dr. Walter Young, longtime supporters, volunteers, and avid swimmers. It was the first time a Metro Atlanta YMCA facility was named in honor of an African American family. Image: YMCA of Metro Atlanta https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/11b924c2-499c-4dcf-a23c-8c8a78856c58/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/152b4622-0a5c-4220-a0bc-1ee2ce2f2e51/GP_Fades-31.png Ghost Pools - CDC begins to study racial disparities in drowning deaths Using decades of data on unintentional drowning, the CDC begins to study circumstances surrounding swimming pool drownings among young Americans to understand why Black males and other racial/ethnic groups have higher drowning rates. Key recommendations, like “promoting basic swimming and water safety skills among disproportionately affected racial/ethnic groups,” depend on access to public, swimmable waters. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/eb98da56-7c9f-470b-8271-196b0d4017dc/Ghost+Pools_Remembrance-24.png Ghost Pools - POOL PRIORITIES A 2010 Parks and Recreation Master Plan update for the city of East Point states: “Generally, the city of East Point lacks needed facilities when measured against cities of comparable size and profile... East Point should add two swimming pools; one splash pad,” and more. “Based on community feedback, design and construction of an aquatic center within Wards C and D on property currently owned by the city of East Point... should be a top priority for city officials.” https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/0b4f9906-8b97-4d4c-b26f-fa6cf5dd5d7e/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/4fec5538-3154-4493-8713-abe5c1979af1/Ghost+Pools_Remembrance-25.png Ghost Pools - FORMER GLORY After artists activated Brooklyn’s McCarren Park Pool as a performance space and concert venue in 2005, it was designated as a historic landmark in 2007. This led to a $50 million renovation, and the pool reopened in 2012. With the pool’s reconstruction, all 11 of New York City’s original Works Progress Administration–era pools had been reopened. McCarren Park pool is three times the size of a football field and can accomodate 1,500 swimmers. Image: NYC Parks https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/990fe8b1-cb77-4ff5-8d9a-4d988f32e726/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/e854a110-6524-4168-8771-3925ea5357a1/Ghost+Pools_Remembrance-26.png Ghost Pools - ATLANTA’S POOL RENAISSANCE During his first year in office, Atlanta Mayor Kasim Reed raised private funds to help renovate and reopen recreation centers across the city. With the passage of a major bond referendum, several public pools reopened: John A. White Park in 2014, Oakland City in 2015, Maddox Park in 2016, and the MLK Aquatic and Recreation Center in 2017. Image: City of Atlanta https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/b4221559-055b-44cf-ac9b-b988afbfc2e5/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/8c4246a2-a3a1-4c85-8205-992f6b10adf6/Ghost+Pools_Remembrance-27.png Ghost Pools - STALLED PLANS A 2018 proposal to build a new recreation and aquatic center on Camp Creek Parkway met with community opposition. Neighbors expressed concerns about traffic and crime associated with the location of the center and an adjacent mixed-use development. Image: Courtesy of Pieper O’Brien Herr Architects https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/3246d05e-0b02-4c32-80a9-500285123d26/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/3d6a6abd-30af-415b-9611-7833021ae5b9/Ghost+Pools_Remembrance-28.png Ghost Pools - CREATIVE CONVERSIONS Hapeville’s first skate park opened in 2020 next to the site of its old public swimming pool. The following year, the city proposed a spring-fed splash pad where the pool used to be. Low-maintenance public amenities like skateparks and splash pads have replaced many public pools, but not the critical need for swimming instruction and access to water. Image: City of Hapeville https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/5e519f14-8014-4901-a378-9728c69b1a02/line-light.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/8e0a0739-e423-42a1-b7ca-2d35ae4daf17/Ghost+Pools_Remembrance-29.png Ghost Pools - REFLECTING ON THE STRUGGLE The City of Monroe, NC, dedicated a historic marker at the former site of the Lake Lee Park swimming pool. From 1957 to 1961, young Black activists including Jonathan Blount and Yusef Crowder protested for integration of the pool, which escalated to armed confrontations between the KKK and NAACP. Blount said these efforts “needed to be memorialized” so future generations know that change “did not come about haphazardly or accidentally; it was because there were people who were committed and risked in order to make it happen.” Image: Matt Amick https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/6a0b67e8-7058-4917-aaca-c9393e8acda6/Screen+Shot+2023-07-24+at+2.36.07+PM.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Ghost Pools. Commissioned by Flux Projects with the City of East Point, Georgia, Summer 2023. Julie Yarbrough Photography. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/4e3a56c4-b58f-4702-b2fb-a47dfc1e9883/Squiggle.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/4e3a56c4-b58f-4702-b2fb-a47dfc1e9883/Squiggle.png Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/b671d5fa-ee1a-41d6-a210-73d3ac37982e/Hannah+Palmer+Ghost+Pools_Isadora+Pennington_Full_022.JPG Ghost Pools - Make it stand out Photo credit: Isadora Pennington https://hannahspalmer.com/deptofurbansprings daily 0.75 2025-05-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/635cfd3d-6252-4ca2-acf6-ffb3c1df9c93/IMG_4523.JPG Department of Urban Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1703706981201-9CTGQY0KGLWV2Z39RHUL/IMG_2969.JPG Department of Urban Springs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/8dfb641a-7f5a-4c0d-8f99-672704e7155a/IMG_5611.JPG Department of Urban Springs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1703618903444-UKKKWY0NZMH137BGHI55/IMG_2551.JPG Department of Urban Springs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1703707066004-U4XYV9P5NQ7S0FLBLT96/IMG_6705.jpg Department of Urban Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1703706954557-08PQQYFLW1FNG3VHVUIS/IMG_2939.JPG Department of Urban Springs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1703706972965-H14SZAQ7093ZAP6ASJH0/IMG_2978.JPG Department of Urban Springs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1703706914933-OW78YN9VXVZ3GPN35LQB/IMG_1162.jpg Department of Urban Springs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/d9c55f87-b7a4-4b6f-bb6c-27cffeacfb6a/IMG_4504.JPG Department of Urban Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1703706953559-84Y1UYGKQE4PCYNCJWIB/IMG_2566.JPG Department of Urban Springs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1703707013439-UZL5JFBPH57K4QMBYF4C/IMG_3263.jpg Department of Urban Springs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1703619081481-E4JTF9S4SP3CH2GFGG61/IMG_5791.JPG Department of Urban Springs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1703706921289-KLIMBB37BRE4ECONXQCA/IMG_2065.jpeg Department of Urban Springs - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1703615483453-W2QUEIURNB3FUMFTQ4H3/Screen+Shot+2023-12-26+at+1.31.11+PM.png Department of Urban Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/f9ef8cda-9e2f-4e9d-a343-2d978a95c511/1913+Georgia+Map.png Department of Urban Springs - Make it stand out Georgia’s springs have been well documented, marketed, and exploited. But they have not been consistently protected and shared as a statewide public resource. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/0b93146d-7e70-4615-b048-97007e73a085/Ponce+de+Leon+Springs+3.jpg Department of Urban Springs - Make it stand out A century ago, Atlanta’s springs were enshrined as parks for the benefit of White patrons only. Rather than share them in integrated public spaces, owners covered and redeveloped the springs. Ponce de Leon Amusement Park c. 1906. Georgia Archives, Vanishing Georgia. https://hannahspalmer.com/home-2 daily 0.75 2025-05-08 https://hannahspalmer.com/current-collection daily 0.75 2025-05-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/568d94560e4c114025d7b12e/1453329564198-YDC77HWQOYCCR855PEFJ/ABASI+ROSBOROUGH+ASCENT+4.jpg Current Collection - Boreas Coat Where to buy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/568d94560e4c114025d7b12e/1453329564757-Z9WMV053E2H3KR61GX52/ABASI+ROSBOROUGH+ASCENT+9.jpg Current Collection - Setesh Coat Where to buy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/568d94560e4c114025d7b12e/1453329615533-FHBXLDWLBI01JWCKWKJS/ABASI+ROSBOROUGH+SHADOW+22.jpg Current Collection https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/568d94560e4c114025d7b12e/1453329585498-HO2AEHP5XW72OA8PW43Q/ABASI+ROSBOROUGH+ASCENT+13.jpg Current Collection - Gemini Overvest Where to buy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/568d94560e4c114025d7b12e/1453329601754-0NRH1XWIH8NN5RLPS2UW/ABASI+ROSBOROUGH+CHRYSALIS+10.jpg Current Collection - Erebus Shorts Where to buy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/568d94560e4c114025d7b12e/1453329579838-1P4GPYX0YHMWPCXKDPI4/ABASI+ROSBOROUGH+ASCENT+17.jpg Current Collection - Orion Overvest Where to buy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/568d94560e4c114025d7b12e/1453329629213-LQRQZ0KVDXXIP1KP2XOQ/ABASI+ROSBOROUGH+REDEMPTION+12.jpg Current Collection https://hannahspalmer.com/home-1 daily 1.0 2025-05-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1468425309699-PYC5VQD3QL7FEBLRPEOW/image-asset.jpeg Home https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/ffa32835-33bb-4d47-9aed-c8b4cdd45287/Screen+Shot+2023-05-30+at+1.31.38+PM.png Home - Make it stand out Talking about the Flint River in broken French by Les Aygalades in Marseille, 2023. Photo from Bureau des Guides. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1617376265208-D3D8BRHE2CF0ODE6QEGC/2021_Sabastian_Florida-01.JPG Home At Zora Neale Hurston’s last house in Fort Pierce, Florida, 2021. Photo by Jason Palmer. https://hannahspalmer.com/work daily 0.75 2025-12-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1617376314506-NZF46EKZ49O9BAS1N5JX/_DSC7254.jpg Work Talking about Finding the Flint. Photo by Virginie Drujon-Kippelen. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1764963200515-KGW1T8AAMYX7HPUELG5J/DSCF3382.webp Work - When the Creeks Rise https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1762897771520-7SUMEPWPAO3A2TV8VPKV/IMG_4416.JPG Work - How to Maintain a Ghost Pool https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1754419244150-MDRWZL8QWW65XQGPGQPM/Screenshot+2025-08-05+at+2.40.13%E2%80%AFPM.png Work - Gravy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1751493051446-BJ3OCT726DZNQ3CB0BGN/Timeline2.jpg Work - Flash Flood: A Drowning in the Bottoms https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1751138891458-VXYPHVVNMZ1N69I94E4Q/IMG_4095.jpg Work - Atlanta Magazine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1749134672604-BJ80WJ97TGWLVTHIFYIK/Screenshot+2025-06-05+at+10.42.33%E2%80%AFAM.png Work - Earth Island Journal https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1728589127403-VAXFNSZGGOGPOJLJJ7C6/HIFA_porta.jpg Work - Public Toilets Everywhere https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1730308474386-MBBCIIGK0R2HCMXT0911/Screenshot+2024-10-30+at+1.14.24%E2%80%AFPM.png Work - Canopy Atlanta: Tri-Cities Issue https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1723504882887-9N14TEU85ANSISEI1RWN/IMG_8573.JPG Work - A Love Letter to the Piedmont Park Robot Bathroom https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1713881899313-OR7PQLXRWWLR98O75YRU/Screen+Shot+2024-04-23+at+10.18.07+AM.png Work - A Water Glossary of Marseille https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1704491630178-AA6LDBZP5DSGXF7SB6M9/IMG_2065.jpeg Work - Department of Urban Springs https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1713888622841-1OF25IQLLW6RVIM45X0U/A31643F6-0345-4E5E-B8E4-60554235357C.JPG Work - What good is a river? https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1690223334978-H8EN6G10N9S0KG5LPC54/Screen+Shot+2023-07-24+at+2.28.42+PM.png Work - Archive Atlanta podcast https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1690223545393-YBP4S9HR407FGADE9PM8/Screen+Shot+2023-07-24+at+2.32.14+PM.png Work - 10 Surprises from the River Inside the Airport https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1686836912109-TNNC9MSNZQZMIHUCOCP5/IMG_0076.jpg Work - How I'd Fix Atlanta Stop taking our creeks for granted https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1683313661265-B9GM7S17M57U5HLI5IRR/0423_waterways02_oneuseonly.jpg Work - The Universal Solvent: Atlanta Magazine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1675689374052-DO7KDFKIBRNVISED3Q40/0123_downtown03_oneuseonly.jpg Work - The scent of water. Atlanta Magazine Searching for hidden springs in downtown Atlanta https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1665072768390-MVBUDJ4ICJUPEHZHDARC/Screen+Shot+2022-10-06+at+12.12.39+PM.png Work - The Bitter Southerner https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1665074922701-BOSGNCPN07XDMTZI09SU/Palmer-art-1-copy-1.jpg Work - The Lake & the Landfill: Southern Cultures Journal https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1665074912846-GHTJX9LXLEKMZMZ29GOO/flint-river-from-sprewell-bluff.jpg Work - Wet Boundary: Otium Journal https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1665073164749-4TX0DLEDPV1779STIWSN/Screen+Shot+2022-10-06+at+12.15.36+PM.png Work - Canopy Atlanta https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1665073177813-OT3UCM8T8SKKJ3SIB146/Screen+Shot+2022-10-06+at+12.17.10+PM.png Work - The Saporta Report https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1665073183450-R9IUBYBEPZGDR5SHIQ9B/Screen+Shot+2022-10-06+at+12.18.18+PM.png Work - Creative Mornings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1665073381952-RF6NA9W9HIL9TVZWGXBX/Screen+Shot+2022-10-06+at+12.22.39+PM.png Work - Pop Up Zine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1665073697210-9NH1O7PAXDDJVW51MGU6/Screen+Shot+2022-10-06+at+12.24.40+PM.png Work - Atlanta Studies https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1665073705367-X7AOZEOMCSMHLUI06MEV/Screen+Shot+2022-10-06+at+12.26.05+PM.png Work - PechaKucha https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1665074899104-8KRMDKA7L0RQ1689SD11/03-e1521568868739.jpg Work - Art Papers Magazine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1665074905724-8LMYELK8A2N0CLRZNBXX/0417_eatsbuilding_JohnathonKelso_oneuseonly.jpg Work - Atlanta Magazine https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/ccc09057-b1bb-4205-82f2-180e11a51e97/IMG_5202.JPG Work - Make it stand out City as Site, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, March 2022-2023. Photo by Marian Liou. https://hannahspalmer.com/books daily 0.75 2024-10-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/f8067d60-35f3-401f-8c4d-6cae466118f6/Palmer_Hannah_The_Pool_is_Closed.png Books https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1468514744985-4U3RK8GBZWHPJEMFXLKI/image-asset.jpeg Books https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1631538989330-I405QPERV13UESQXA5F2/01.jpeg Books - Make it stand out Finding the Flint in College Park with Mayor Bianca Motley Broom, September 2021. Photo by Stacy Funderburke https://hannahspalmer.com/contact daily 0.75 2016-07-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/567d8060d82d5e8736659398/1468421970115-U4R5MIYZJB4ELQVV1034/image-asset.jpeg Contact https://hannahspalmer.com/introduction daily 0.75 2025-05-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/568d94560e4c114025d7b12e/1453733773214-EETTUALGTE9Y3OFCP1AZ/SQS_CHELSEA_DK_0493.jpg Introduction https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/568d94560e4c114025d7b12e/1453242137230-0BK9ZQEG3CJY46KM7FMN/image-asset.png Introduction https://hannahspalmer.com/philosophy daily 0.75 2025-05-08 https://hannahspalmer.com/large-image daily 0.75 2025-05-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/568d94560e4c114025d7b12e/1453408513155-C8UHCJDHYKZ4XS4Z5J52/SQS_CHELSEA_DK_0374-2.jpg Large Image https://hannahspalmer.com/large-image-2 daily 0.75 2025-05-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/568d94560e4c114025d7b12e/1453735853771-GR32XEM83G4VQMKWGQBC/SQS_CHELSEA_DK_0083-Recovered.jpg Large Image https://hannahspalmer.com/where-to-buy daily 0.75 2025-05-08 https://hannahspalmer.com/ss2016 daily 0.75 2025-05-08